Out of the bottle

The gene is out of the bottle.

Letting the gene out of the bottle: OPRM1 interactions.

678 October 2014 O PIOID analgesics are the most widely used drugs to treat moderate to severe pain. High individual variability has been reported in both pain intensity and in response to pharmacological analgesia. Furthermore, patients’ responses vary for both analgesic efficacy and side effects to different opioids, despite the fact that most clinically used opioids are selective for μ-opioi...

Mitochondrial metagenomics: letting the genes out of the bottle.

'Mitochondrial metagenomics' (MMG) is a methodology for shotgun sequencing of total DNA from specimen mixtures and subsequent bioinformatic extraction of mitochondrial sequences. The approach can be applied to phylogenetic analysis of taxonomically selected taxa, as an economical alternative to mitogenome sequencing from individual species, or to environmental samples of mixed specimens, such a...

GWAS of Diabetic Nephropathy: Is the GENIE out of the Bottle?

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with excess morbidity and mortality, in both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetic patients. Despite intensification of treatment, DN remains a growing problem worldwide [1–6]. In 2009, treatment of diabetic end stage renal disease patients accounted for approximately 40% of the US$43 billion expended for dialysis treatment in the United States New manag...

Letting the Gini out of the bottle? Challenges facing the relative income hypothesis.

The relative income hypothesis interprets statistical associations between income inequality and average health status at the population level, as evidence that income inequality has a deleterious psychosocial effect on individual health. An alternative explanation is that these, population-level associations, are statistical artefacts of curvilinear, individual-level relationships between inco...